THE CONTRIBUTION OF CIVILIZATION 'EGYPTIAN
1) THE LIFE
optimistic view of the Egyptians, unlike the people of Mesopotamia, had an optimistic view of life. The benign nature had been with them. They had a river that carried its fertile flood in the summer months. In autumn, at the time of sowing, the waters retreated and left the fertilized soil ready for planting.
To know the seasons of field work, they did not need to study the sky. The withdrawal of the waters of the river was the signal that the time of sowing had arrived and they were sure that the harvest would be completed before the next flood.
Their gods were benign. They were gods of justice. They had formed a social order for their unchanging over time just because. Everything had been prepared per rendere la loro vita più facile.
A reggere quest'ordine di giustizia c'era il faraone, che era il garante della continuità voluta dagli dèi. Il faraone stesso era figlio degli dèi e, alla sua morte, li avrebbe raggiunti.
2) LE TECNICHE DELLA MUMMIFICAZIONE COME ESIGENZA SPIRITUALE
La morte era un elemento molto importante per gli Egiziani. La vita non finiva con la morte. Essa continuava, così come era stata vissuta in terra, in qualche luogo nell'al di là.
Nel momento della morte, l'anima immortale del defunto lo lasciava per andare a fare il suo viaggio celeste, ma essa sarebbe ritornata per abitarlo per sempre se esso veniva conservato. Se non lo trovava, essa would be lost forever.
The preservation of bodies came to fill this need of a spiritual nature: after death, the immortal soul should inhabit a body made immortal by the technical man.
3) MEDICINE AND SURGERY
The Egyptians had reached a great perfection in the 'art of medicine. They were known throughout the ancient world for their skill in the preparation of medicines (Pharmacopoeia). They had a perfect knowledge of anatomy and were very experienced in what we today call medicine specialist.
gynecology, surgery and neurosurgery were the three industries in which they excelled. Their work was also high demand outside the boundaries state.
One of the most famous medical schools of medieval Europe, the Salerno, his teaching was based, in large part, on Egyptian medicine.
4) GEOMETRY
The Nile River, with its annual floods, was a source of life and wealth. And created problems. Its full they could not be included in its natural locus. They overflowed and invaded almost everything, the surrounding rural land clearing limits and boundaries of the fields.
The geometry was created to respond to this challenge of nature. After every flood, the fields had to be re-tested to the limits and boundaries back to their old place. But
geometria degli Egiziani era un'attività esclusivamente pratica che esauriva il suo compito con la misurazione dei campi. Essa non raggiunse mai il livello di scienza.
Chi le darà un rigore logico e la eleverà al rango di scienza saranno i Greci, che, con Euclide, forniranno alle generazioni future un potente mezzo per la loro formazione intellettuale.
5) LA CARTA-PAPIRO
Le prime scritture della storia furono vergate, con uno stiletto, su delle tavolette di argilla 4x4 che poi venivano essiccate al sole.
Gli Egiziani avevano un arbusto milleusi che cresceva sulle rive del fiume Nilo. Data la sua forte resistenza, gli Egiziani avevano imparato ad utilizzarlo in tanti modi different. The
also used in the construction of boats. But they also learned to work his flesh in order to obtain a paste, spread and dried, gave the roll-paper on which you could write.
This was the card that was used in Europe during the Middle Ages and until it was introduced in the paper "Chinese" in the fifteenth century of our era.
0 comments:
Post a Comment